2003年一次梅雨大暴雨成因的动力学研究   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6  

张端禹  丁治英  王丛梅 《南京气象学院学报》2006,29(6):827-832

运用中尺度非静力模式MN5对2003年梅雨期一次大暴雨天气进行数值模拟，在降雨模拟基本正确的基础上分析暴雨发生原因。结果表明：该次梅雨大暴雨属于切变类暴雨，对流层低层有能量锋区、高层有惯性不稳定活动，暴雨区位于低空急流的左前方、高空急流的右前方。暴雨中心物理量要素的时间一高度演变显示：低层正涡度、辐合，高层负涡度、辐散，深厚的上升运动，等相当位温线抬升，湿位涡及其正、斜压分量3者负值加大均有利于降雨加强；暴雨减弱阶段，这些要素一般向相反方向转变。该次大暴雨的直接影响系统具有明显的中尺度时、空特点，大暴雨的发生与高层惯性不稳定和低层对流不稳定有关。  相似文献   

COMPARISON OF ON-LINE COUPLED AND CONSTANT TRANSFER SIMULATION METHODS FOR DIRECT RADIATIVE FORCING OF ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE     

WU Jian  LIU Hong-nian  WANG Wei-guo  LIU Gang 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2006,12(1)

1 INTRODUCTION Of three main methods for studying the radiative forcing of anthropogenic sulfate and climatic response on the regional scale, the first is, with given rates for transforming SO2 to sulfate, converting actually released SO2 into sulfate and acquiring the distribution of sulfate by computing transfer equations in the climate model.  相似文献   

A sensitivity of squall-line intensity to environmental static stability under various shear and moisture conditions   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tetsuya Takemi   《Atmospheric Research》2007,84(4):374-389

Squall lines develop in various climate regions having diverse environmental profiles of wind shear, moisture, and temperature. In order to explore the sensitivity of squall lines to these environmental profiles, we have performed an extensive set of numerical simulations under various shear and moisture conditions in midlatitude-continental and tropical–oceanic temperature environments. From the results of the sensitivity simulations and the analyses of the environmental parameters, it is found that the static stability in a convectively unstable layer is of primary importance in determining the strength of squall lines. Under temperature environments having the same static stability, convective available potential energy (CAPE) and precipitable water content (PWC) well describe the squall-line intensity. Vertical shear also plays an important role in determining the squall-line structure as well as the intensity through the interaction with surface cold pool. The combination of the static stability in a convectively unstable layer, CAPE, and PWC should be examined in diagnosing the intensity of squall lines that develop with an optimal shear for their environment.  相似文献   

火山活动状态及其机理的初步探讨     

洪汉净  刘辉 《地震地质》2007,29(3):502-512

根据火山喷发实例总结了火山喷发在不同阶段的活动状态,并探讨了可能的物理机理。火山活动从岩浆补给到岩浆喷发的物理过程可分为3个阶段:1)岩浆补给阶段,岩浆囊压力差或过剩压力的大小决定了火山活动是否休眠或扰动,岩浆补给速率对压力差起了决定性的作用;2)通道形成阶段,当过剩压力超过围岩破裂强度时,围岩开始破裂,之后水热活动起了重要的作用;3)岩浆运移与失稳喷发阶段,主要是岩浆运移与地壳盖层的相互作用与失稳的过程。文中还讨论了火山活动状态与火山喷发危险性等级之间的关系,7个危险性等级分别对应于火山活动的7种状态,即休眠、平静、扰动、动荡、临界、活动、灾变  相似文献   

大气环境层结对闪电活动影响的模拟研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

郑栋  张义军  马明  孟青  吕伟涛 《气象学报》2007,65(4):622-632

利用一个二维面对称雷暴云起电、放电模式,选取了北京地区3次雷暴过程的环境层结,计算并讨论了不同层结条件下雷暴中动力、微物理过程及其对起电、放电活动的影响。结果表明,上升速度和水汽条件是影响雷暴动力、微物理过程和闪电活动的最重要因子。上升速度的大小决定了雷暴发展到成熟的时间和雷暴的强弱,较强的上升气流有利于雷暴云在较短时间内达到较大的高度。而持续的上升气流和充足的水汽有利于雷暴的成熟期延长从而增强闪电活动。较强的上升速度和充足的水汽可以产生更多的对闪电起电、放电有直接影响的冰相物并能使其持续生成,从而形成较大的电荷浓度。较强的上升速度和不利的水汽条件也可以在某时形成较大的冰相物浓度,但冰相物难以持续生成。而较弱的上升速度和充足的水汽则容易形成暖云过程,对冰相物的生成也有不利影响。上升速度和水汽相互影响,又共同受到环境层结的支配。大气低层潮湿、中层湿度适中,较大的不稳定能量和一定量的对流抑制能量将有利于强闪电活动的发生。表现在大气不稳定参数的取值上,对流性稳定度指数的值小于-10℃(负值表示不稳定),对流有效位能值在1000 J/kg以上,对流抑制能量大于40 J/kg,700 hPa相当位温在340 K以上,700—400 hPa中层平均湿度在35%—85%,有利于强闪电活动的发生。  相似文献   

The Effect of Uniform Rotation on Convective Instability of a Mushy Layer During Binary Alloys Solidification     

Guba  P.  Boďa  J. 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1998,42(3):289-296

The linear stability analysis of interstitial liquid within the mushy layer relative to a steady basic state is performed in order to incorporate the effect of uniform rotation on the onset of convective instability whose existence was found by Anderson and Worster (1996). The full set of non–dimensional governing equations for the temperature field, the local solid fraction and the fluid velocity are reduced asymptotically. In particular, the limit of small dimensionless mushy layer thickness, the limit of small differences between the initial and eutectic compositions of the liquid and the limit of large Stefan number are considered. The square root of Taylor number is assumed to be of the order unity. These simplifying assumptions involved in our analysis lead to a much simplified model which can essentially be solved analytically.  相似文献   

喀斯特区域的水化学不稳定性——以黔中地区为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

白占国  万国江 《水科学进展》1998,9(4):325-332

黔中地区是岩溶作用发育的喀斯特区域.1993年秋和1994年春末采自该地区不同类型水样的水化学分析表明:碳酸盐岩裂隙泉水呈中偏碱性,为[C]Ca-Ⅱ型;秋季离子总量、HCO₃-及Ca2+浓度大于春季.裂隙泉水流经地表一定距离后,HCO₃-降低,pH及SO₄2-、Cl-、K+、Na+明显增高.黄果树的天星桥、水帘洞及落水潭三个部位河水的SO₄2-、Na+以及Fe3+、NO₃-等浓度的季节性变化也更加明显.春季因瀑布暴气,CO₂的逸出,钙华生成更强烈一些.红枫湖作为喀斯特区域地表水的汇集地,HCO₃-与SO₄2-的当量比值仅2.1～2.4;Ca2+与Mg2+比值上升为2.4～4.2,Cl-浓度较碳酸盐岩裂隙泉水增高1倍;Na+浓度增高一个数量级.说明流域内地表土层溶蚀及人为污染影响的增强.土层孔隙水属强矿化水,而湖水呈现过渡特征.碳酸盐沉淀作用、硫酸盐矿化作用及固氮氨化作用,导致水质组成的显着差异.  相似文献   

Role of barotropic mechanism in the development of a monsoon depression: A MONEX study     

D. Subrahmanyam  M. K. Tandon  L. George  S. K. Mishra 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1981,119(5):901-912

The role of barotropic processes in the development of a monsoon depression, formed on 5 July 1979 during MONEX observational period, is studied by considering it as a quasi-geostrophic divergent barotropic instability problem of zonal flow of 3 July 1979 at 700 mb level. Numerical solutions are obtained by initial value approach. The preferred wave has a wavelength of 2750 km, an e-folding time of 4.3 days, a period of 6.5 days and an eastward phase speed of 4.9 ms^–1. Structure of preferred wave is found to be in good agreement with the observed horizontal structure of the depression at 700 mb. Poleward momentum transports are found to predominate over equatorward transports.Parts of this paper were presented at the National Symposium on Early Results of MONEX-1979. 9–12 March 1981, in New Delhi, India.  相似文献   

Role of barotropic,baroclinic and combined barotropic-baroclinic instability for the growth of monsoon depressions and mid-tropospheric cyclones     

B. N. Goswami  R. N. Keshavamurty  V. Satyan 《Journal of Earth System Science》1980,89(1):79-97

A detailed barotropic, baroclinic and combined barotropic-baroclinic stability analysis has been carried out with mean monsoon zonal currents over western India, eastern India and S.E. Asia. The lower and middle tropospheric zonal wind profiles over western India are barotropically unstable. The structure and growth rate of these modes agree well with the observed features of the midtropospheric cyclones. Similar profiles over eastern India and S.E. Asia, however, are barotropically stable. This is attributed to weak horizontal shear, inherent to these profiles. The upper tropospheric profiles, on the other hand, are barotropically unstable throughout the whole region. The features of these unstable modes agree with those of observed easterly waves. The baroclinic and combined barotropic-baroclinic stability analyses show that the baroclinic effects are not important in tropics. Though the barotropic instability of the mean zonal current seems to be res ponsible for the initial growth of the mid-tropospheric cyclones, neither barotropic nor baroclinic instability of the mean zonal current seem to explain the observed features of the monsoon depressions.  相似文献   

涡旋诱发磁重联模型的解析研究          下载免费PDF全文

沈超  刘振兴 《地球物理学报》1998,41(1):10-18

在磁流体中涡旋诱发重联的线性过程的解析研究过程中,主要运用了渐近匹配展开方法．结果表明,如果流体粘性远大于磁粘性,流场马赫数Ma～1,重联的线性增长率正比于Vv为无量纲化流体粘性,这与数值模拟结果一致．此结论表明,流体粘性能够促进磁场重联,在理论上支持涡旋诱发重联模式．本文还研究了周期分布多电流片系统中涡旋诱发重联的线性增长率;随电流片之间距离的减小,反对称和对称情形的增长率分别增大和减小．  相似文献